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冠心病的护理要求
冠心病的护理要求,冠心病是一种常见的心血管疾病，是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化或动力性病变，使血管腔狭窄或阻塞，引起心肌缺血缺氧而造成心脏病，亦称缺血性心脏病。
　　的护理要求主要包括有合理正确用药、保持生活起居环境清静，参加适当的运动，避免过于疲劳，保持乐观、松弛的精神状态，避免紧张、焦虑，情绪激动或发怒，合理调节饮食，避免不良的生活习惯。
　　冠心病是一种常见的心血管疾病，是由于冠状动脉粥样硬化或动力性病变，使血管腔狭窄或阻塞，引起缺氧而造成心脏病，亦称缺血性心脏病。临床上分为无症状型，心绞痛型、型，或心律失常型及原发性心脏骤停五类。
　　冠心病患者的护理要求主要表现为：
　　1、用药要针对病情，不宜过多；心绞痛或心肌梗塞突发时，应立即舌下含服硝酸甘油或消心痛、速效救心丸等，病情不缓解可再次含药。
　　2、恢复期或缓解期的病人仍需充分休息居室应清静，避免噪声；可适当活动，但不能做剧烈运动，要避免疲劳。
　　3、保持乐观、松弛的精神状态，避免紧张、焦虑，情绪激动或发怒。
　　4、合理膳食，要清淡、易消化、低脂低盐饮食，多食富含不饱和酸的食品，如鱼类；多食富含维生素C和组纤维和新鲜和水果；严禁暴饮暴食或过饱，可少食多餐。
　　5、戒烟、少饮酒；不饮浓咖啡和浓茶，生活规律，保证充足睡眠；注意保暖，预防上呼吸道感染。
　　6、保持大便通畅，大便时切忌用力。
　　7、冠心病患者应随身携带家中备有上述急救药物，以便发病时自己或家人能及时取到并服用，应定期到医院做检查。
(实习编辑：徐建霞）
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All rights reserved冠心病是老年病中最常见病之一。冠心病的主要表现为胸闷与心前区痛(心绞痛)。胸闷是经常性的，患者常有胸部紧闷或压迫性感觉。心绞痛是阵发性的，疼痛部位多在前胸正中(胸骨后)，可放射至咽部、左肩及左臂，每次疼痛发作一般一至几分钟。心绞痛发作的诱发因素多为情绪激动或体力活动。冠心病患者如发生心肌梗塞，其疼痛性质虽与心绞痛相似，但疼痛程度更剧烈;疼痛持续时间较长，往往达几小时甚至一两天;疼痛范围也较广，可波及左前胸甚至上腹部。同时可能伴有休克、心力衰竭和心律不齐等表现。 　　为了预防和延缓病情，自我护理应做到：　　一是注意个人心理卫生。心情舒畅是维持心身健康的保证，大怒和紧张可使交感神经高度兴备，血液内儿茶酚胺含量升高，作用于血管，引起血管收缩压上升，心肌耗氧量增加，原有冠心病的患者可突然诱发心绞痛。因此，冠心病患者应尽力避免情绪激动，精神紧张，以及大喜过悲，在日常生活中尽量保持情绪稳定。　　二是加强身体锻炼，参加适当的体育活动。在锻炼身体时不要过猛、过累，时间不要过久，以不引起机体不适为度，根据自身情况适当掌握运动量。如早晚散步、做操、打太极拳等。也可参加一些娱乐活动，如跳跳老年迪斯科等。坚持经常性锻炼，有利于提高心脏功能，但应避免连续繁忙的工作，或突然用力的动作，不要急赶车辆等。当心绞痛突然发作时，应立即停止一切活动，原地休息。　　三是调理饮食，注意营养卫生，做到四少三多，即少吃糖、盐、脂肪、淀粉;多吃蔬菜、水果、蛋白质。控制食量不过饱，以少吃多餐为宜，晚间不宜进食过饱，避免吃含胆固醇高的食物，如荤油、动物内脏、蟹黄、肥肉等。　　四是保持室内清洁，空气新鲜，冬季要注意保持一定的室温，预防感冒，注意保持大便通畅。　　五是遵照医生吩咐按时用，定期复查。（实习编辑：朱东漫）
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患者咨询：
大家在关注冠心病的护理措施
其实就是冠状动脉粥样硬化性，冠心病是心脏疾病里面的一种，我们知道心脏对于人体有着非常重要的地位，一旦我们的心脏停止跳动，那么我们就会死亡，所以我们一定要好好保护自己的心脏才行，导致我们出现冠心病的因素有很多，一般认为，以及不良的生活方式都可能导致冠心病的出现。
冠心病的出现严重影响了患者的身体健康，所以我们一定要积极的去治疗冠心病才行，冠心病的患者在疾病康复期间，一定要得到很好的护理，我们要了解一些冠心病的护理措施。
冠状动脉性心脏病简称冠心病。指由于脂质代谢不正常，血液中的脂质沉着在原本光滑的动脉内膜上，在动脉内膜一些类似粥样的脂类物质堆积而成白色斑块，称为动脉粥样硬化病变。这些斑块渐渐增多造成动脉腔狭窄，使血流受阻，导致心脏缺血，产生。
(1)控制总热量，维持正常的。糖在总热量中的比例应控制在60%?70%。宜多吃些粗粮，以增加复杂的糖类、、维生素的含量。单糖及双糖等应适当控制，尤其是高脂血症和肥胖者更应注意。
(2)限制脂肪。脂肪的摄入应限制在总热量的30%以下，以植物脂肪为主。适当的吃些、家禽、鱼类。据流行病学调查资料表明，欧美人冠心病发病率高，而亚洲的日本人冠心病的发病率低。我国的舟山渔民和北极的爱斯基摩人几乎不患冠心病。欧美人平均每日吃鱼20克，日本人每日吃鱼100克，舟山和爱斯基摩人每日吃鱼300克～400克。科学家们研究发现，海鱼的脂肪中含有多不饱和脂肪酸，它能够影响人体脂质代谢，降低血清和血清三酯以及低密度脂蛋白和极低密度脂蛋白，从而保护心血管，预防冠心病。由此可见，多吃海鱼有益于冠心病的防治。中应控制胆固醇的摄入，胆固醇的摄入量每天应少于300毫克，一个中的胆固醇接近于300毫克，当患有冠心病时，应控制鸡蛋的摄入，应每日半个鸡蛋或每两日一个鸡蛋。不可一日吃数个鸡蛋。要限制动物的内脏、脑等。
(3)适量的。蛋白质是维持心脏必需的营养物质，能够增强，但摄入过多的蛋白质对冠心病不利。因蛋白质不易，能够加快新陈代谢，增加心脏的负担。有学者观察，过多的摄入动物蛋白，反而会增加冠心病的发病率。所以蛋白质应适量。每日食物中蛋白质的含量以每公斤体重不超过1克为宜，应选用、、鱼类和豆制品，对防治冠心病有利。
(4)饮食宜清淡、低。对合并高血压者尤为重要，食盐的摄入量每天控制在5克以下。可随季节活动量适当增减。例如：夏季出汗较多，户外活动多，可适当增加盐的摄入量。冬季时，出汗少，活动量相应减少，应控制盐的摄入。
(5)要多吃一些保护性食品。如、、紫花、苜蓿、、、、等。研究人员发现大蒜和洋葱含有精油，这是防治动脉粥样硬化的有效成份。精油是一种含硫化合物的混合物，主要是烯丙基二硫化物和二烯丙二硫化物。如果按每公斤体重1克的标准吃生大蒜，或者每公斤体重2克的标准吃生洋葱，就可以起到预防冠心病的作用。适量饮茶可防治冠心病。具有抗凝血和促进纤维蛋白溶解的作用。茶叶中的，可改善微血管壁的渗透性，能有效的增强心肌和血管壁的弹性和抵抗力，减轻动脉粥样硬化的程度。茶叶中的因和茶碱，可直接兴奋心脏，扩张冠状动脉，增强心肌功能。
(6)供给充足的维生素、无机盐和。膳食中应注意多吃含镁、铬、锌、钙、硒元素的食品。含镁丰富的食品有、、豆类及豆制品、、等。镁可以影响血脂代谢和血栓形成，促进纤维蛋白溶解，抑制凝血或对起稳定作用，防止血小板凝聚。含铬丰富的食品，如酵母、、肝、全谷类、干酪、等。铬能够增加胆固醇的分解和排泄。动物实验证明，微量铬可以预防动脉粥样硬化的形成，降低胆固醇。含锌较多的食品有肉、、蛋、奶。科学家认为锌铜比值可影响血清胆固醇的含量。含钙丰富的食品有奶类、豆制品，海产品如皮等，近年的研究表明，膳食中的钙含量增加，可预防高血压及高脂膳食引起的高胆固醇血症。当增加镁的摄入时，上述症状可得到缓解，甚至消除。提高人们在钙的摄入量时，也就增加镁的摄入量。含硒较多的食物有牡蛎、、、、巴鱼等。补硒能够抗动脉粥样硬化、降低全血粘度、血浆粘度，增加冠脉血流量，减少心肌的损伤程度。?多吃蔬菜和水果有益于心脏。蔬菜和水果是人类饮食中不可缺少的食物，含有丰富的、无机盐、纤维素和果胶。凡绿色蔬菜或黄色蔬果中含有较多的胡素，它具有抗氧化的作用，维生素C能够影响心肌代谢，增加血管韧性，使血管弹性增加，大剂量维生素C可使胆固醇氧化为胆酸而排出体外。、柑桔、和紫皮含有丰富维生素C，应多吃含维生素C较多的食品。
(7)忌烟酒和高脂肪、高胆固醇食物。冠心病患者应当，减少饮酒量，当合并高脂血症时，应避免饮酒。并应忌用或少用全脂乳、、蛋黄、肥、肥、肥牛肉、肝、内脏、黄油、猪油、牛油、羊油、油。
上文我们介绍了什么是冠心病，我们知道冠心病是心脏疾病里面的一种，冠心病的出现给患者的身体健康带来了严重的威胁，所以我们一定要做好对于冠心病的预防和治疗，上文详细介绍了冠心病的护理措施。
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