PQQ大脑补大脑的营养素有哪些用吗?

这个问题脑力活重的小伙伴一定要看过来,因为它涉及到你的效率问题。别说你学累了只会来杯咖啡或者能量饮料——这样粗糙方法顶多是「打鸡血」;要知道现在的脑力活拼的都是长期效率,所以要在这么卷的环境里保持旺盛脑力,会选「有效脑力」营养素就能走捷径。在营养学上,是有一系列特殊的「非传统营养品」对大脑的健康、发育、提升有积极的意义,也有一种叫MIND的饮食法被发明(证据还在验证中);这就说明,良好的维系脑力,远远不是靠多喝奶、多吃鱼肉这种粗放的方式补充的。这次就给大家科普几个关键的脑健康成分和有意义的补充剂。跟20年前上一辈面临的挑战的确不同,我们这一辈不仅要面对同侪的竞争,更重要的是还掺和了人工智能+科技发展迅捷,对人类脑力和学力的挑战远超过去20年,而且这个脑力挑战可不仅仅是「会做题」——而是需要会创新。我自己是个重脑力劳动者、也有一个上学的孩子,所以深知要想获得职业和学业的竞争优势,一定是需要在某一领域有非常主动的研究能力;而学生则是需要更加有创造力地去完成学业和科研任务,这两者共同的要求就是——「有效的脑力」。 要知道补什么,第一需要清楚它运作的原理。大脑好比是计算机的CPU,它是出了名的「双耗」——以2%的重量,在哪怕不思考的状态下就能耗掉全身20%甚至更多的能量,这是因为大脑是维系全身处于有组织状态的中枢,因此它对血供极其敏感,而血液里充满能量和营养素,也就注定了大脑是个极其需要营养的器官。大脑和身体组织最大的两点区别分别在于:1. 大脑组织对血糖和血氧极其敏感,而这两者分别依赖稳定的血糖和活跃的线粒体氧化反应(提供能量)。所以要保持好的脑力,最低限度是保持血糖(不能过度饥饿)以及充足氧气(通风好)。其次就要考虑怎么保持线粒体的活力,这个我们后面重点讲。2. 大脑跟身体血液循环不是完全打通的——有层保护叫做「血脑屏障」,它是为了保护大脑不会在身体发生感染的时候被牵连,以至于破坏中枢神经。这个屏障就注定了大部分有效的药物和营养素也无法随意进入大脑。因此,要想有效补充大脑营养,要确保能够穿过这道「天堑」。第二就是要知道大脑本身的构成。打个不太好听但是非常贴切的比方,吃过猪脑花的小伙伴都知道,猪脑花特别「软滑」,其中的原因就是它的构成以脂质为主。这可不是说它是纯油做的,其实它是主要以多不饱和脂肪酸(如DHA)和丰富的磷脂(如磷脂酰丝氨酸PS)构成。这是因为大脑体系小,但是表面积特别大,因此就需要更多的「成膜」物质。上面是「结构性」的需求,那么大脑一旦全力开工,又会需要什么东西来加油呢?很简单,高效脑力需要两方面支持,第一是身体本身的精力充沛,这与睡眠、适度压力、饮食规律、运动适宜相关;所以高考生最基本的要求就是三餐合理+睡眠充足。此外,就是特殊营养素来给予额外的支持了:脑营养有5个维度——大脑发育需要的营养基础、维系其功能需要的营养素、大脑信号系统和神经递质所需的营养素、认知和记忆力、炎症反应以及蛋白质的稳态。[1]下面我们就来逐一介绍这几种特殊的大脑营养:DHA长期被称作「脑黄金」,其实它不光是大脑的构成成分,也是视网膜的主要成分;它本身是一种脂肪酸,但是由于人体无法自行合成,因此它必须从食物中摄取足够的量才能保证大脑等关键组织正常运作,以及与大脑中神经突触(神经发挥作用的关键部位)的递质释放以及大脑基因表达均有关,所以它才有了所谓「脑黄金」的营养地位——吃鱼能聪明的说法其实也就是主要因为鱼含有较多DHA的原因。PS磷脂酰丝氨酸的知名度小很多,这是因为它是一种能自行合成的磷脂。它是神经细胞膜和髓鞘的组成部分——打个比方就是DHA如果是大脑的砖瓦,PS就是大脑通讯的线路铺设者。而随着年龄的增长,这个线路会老化[2],就好比是皮肤里的胶原蛋白也会减少一样。因此对于过度用脑、年纪渐长的人来说,这种「线路耗损」会更为明显,饮食能及时补充外源性PS就显得尤为重要了——食物/补充剂。要说前面的DHA和PS还能理解好,PQQ可能就更加抽象了。不用怕,我给大家用更加清楚的比喻描述出来。PQQ(吡咯喹啉醌)的功能很像是B族维生素,它一方面跟B族维生素一样都与线粒体的能量代谢有关(是酶的辅助因子);另一方面,PQQ是迄今为止发现的唯一能做用于神经系统的营养素,它能真正深入到脑细胞,促进新鲜线粒体生成,保护线粒体活力免受自由基攻击,突破血脑屏障限制,有效补充用脑时所需的脑能量。因此对于非常活跃的脑神经而言,PQQ自然是很重要的需求来维系大脑能量和活力。实验数据论证了PQQ通过增加神经生长因子(NGF)和NGF受体的表达,改善注意力、信息识别和处理能力,并减少压力和疲劳。[3][4]还有一类营养素这是大脑构成部分必需的材料——如唾液酸,它是神经节苷脂(大脑灰质组成部分)的必需营养素。大脑最爱营养素大脑中的角色饮食/补充剂来源DHA构成大脑,视网膜的部分,与谷氨酸能突触功能相关(认知)、大脑基因表达功能深海鱼、藻油、含有DHA的补充剂。母乳中含有婴儿所需的DHA。PS磷脂酰丝氨酸构成细胞膜的关键成分,大脑中重要成分。肉类、鱼类、内脏、大豆含有一定量PS,母乳中有婴儿所需的量。PQQ(吡咯喹啉醌)线粒体中脱氢酶的辅酶,潜在的维生素(好比维生素B2和B3),维系能量产生和神经功能的稳定。发酵食品、欧芹、红薯、青椒、豆腐、绿茶等含有很少量。母乳中含量较高。膳食补充剂是最集中的来源唾液酸是神经节苷脂的组成部分,大脑的构成部分人体能自行合成。对于发育中的婴幼儿更加重要。部分婴幼儿配方奶粉中有添加。除了饮食摄入,有没有更加给力的「脑力补充剂」?当然有,现在市面上的膳食补充剂很多,这方面的功课我做了不少,目前发现配方做得比较好的就是这款ESTHELIV研生之力的脑动力营养素——含有PQQ的「学霸丸」。在上面表格里的营养素中,几种最难从膳食中补充的要属PQQ,这是因为它在天然食物中含量非常低(都在至多3μg/100g这个级别)[5],1μg=0.001mg,而每天两颗研生之力学霸丸能直接给你6mg(100g食物含量的2000倍!);当然,大家也完全不用担心这个量会很大。看看我们国家最新的法规就知道了:每天的推荐使用量是20mg及以内,注意这还不是「安全剂量」,可见食物中含有PQQ的量实在是极其少——要吃够哪怕只有1mg,就得吃欧芹333g之多。因此研生之力学霸丸里的6mg实属任何食物都赶不上的优量添加。PQQ作为食品原料,在2022年已经被我国批准为新食品原料(化学合成法),目前生物发酵法生产方法的原料正在审批中。它在食品中的应用并不少,2012年开始,陆续获得了加拿大卫生部(HC)、美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)GRAS认证、日本卫生劳动福利部(MHLW)和欧盟委员会(ESFA)认证;安全性很高。除了专利的PQQ之外,它里面还配合DHA和磷脂酰丝氨酸这两个构成大脑的重要部分。这两个成分的补充特别适合用脑多的青少年,以及平时膳食吃深海鱼、水产较少的成年人,因为在膳食稍微不注意的情况下,它们还是不容易吃够的,所以学霸丸的配方属于把饮食容易不足的重点配方都加进来了,是很值得重脑力活的人常备的。在膳食补充剂之外,我还特别建议大家在上午/下午茶配合一包坚果,这样能保证充足的维生素E也不费事。我就特别喜欢用坚果+果干当零食,这对于我这种需要大量检索文献、阅读科研论文和教科书的科学工作效率维系特别有用——解馋还补关键营养。毕竟,脑力劳动不在于拼时长,而完全是拼效率拼灵感。另外再补充一点我选择这个补充剂的品牌背景。选择补充剂品牌背景是一定要考虑的,毕竟原料其实任何一家公司都能买到,配方也能根据文献抄过来,但是品质却基本只有品牌才能保障。我选择它最主要的原因是ESTHELIV研生之力是一个原研做营养品的品牌,产品里核心的PQQ还是他们自研的,有专利保护,纯度和稳定性都高;这里给大家一个小提示,对于这种比较新的原料,选择有专利技术的品牌是更靠谱的方法,因为它的使用门槛较高,直接原料生产商不仅成本有优势,更加重要的是保真和保鲜。总结:1. 在营养学中的确有一类日常并不广为人知的营养素是专门与大脑表现力有关的,巧用它们是保持快节奏高效率「有效脑力活」的重要营养功课;这需要饮食+补充剂达到良好效果。2. 质量高睡眠和营养充沛的饮食是脑力活的后勤,除此之外,我个人测评后推荐ESTHELIV研生之力的「学霸丸」,其中6mg的PQQ属于非常优量的添加,再配合膳食中容易不足的DHA和PS(磷脂酰丝氨酸)三种成分复配,再加上每天一把坚果,一杯绿茶,是脑力劳动者保持长久活力的实测有效秘诀。3. 最后提醒营养补充不是人手一颗复合维生素补充剂就够了,要根据自己的需求和实际耗损更多的方面来考量,才会精准且有效。^Ekstrand, B., Scheers, N., Rasmussen, M. K., Young, J. F., Ross, A. B., & Landberg, R. (2021). Brain foods - the role of diet in brain performance and health. Nutrition reviews, 79(6), 693–708. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuaa091^Glade, M. J., & Smith, K. (2015). Phosphatidylserine and the human brain. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 31(6), 781–786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.014^Tamakoshi, M., Suzuki, T., Nishihara, E., Nakamura, S., and Ikemoto, K. (2023).Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt improves brain function in both younger andolder adults. Food Funct. 14, 2496–2501.
^Mohamad Ishak, N. S., & Ikemoto, K. (2023). Pyrroloquinoline-quinone to reduce fat accumulation and ameliorate obesity progression. Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 10, 1200025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2023.1200025^https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/pyrroloquinoline-quinone}
刚查了一下,参考这篇综述[1]这篇文章的结论是:PQQ has been shown to be a ubiquitous molecule that influences a multitude physiological and biochemical processes. In this review, we have presented recent studies supporting the role of PQQ in maintaining and improving human health. There are potential benefits from PQQ supplementation related to lipidemic and glycemic control, prevention of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and improvement of brain functions. Recent evidence suggests that PQQ can be useful for various health benefits through different mechanisms including redox activity, radical-scavenging activity, and modulation of cell signaling pathways. According to recent observations, PQQ shows no toxicity and genotoxicity in oral administration, and thus, oral supplementation of PQQ would be a promising approach to improving health status. On the other hand, the precise molecular mechanism underlying the action of PQQ is not understood fully. The mechanistic studies that aid in defining the function of PQQ could provide further benefits for human health.意思大概是:PQQ对健康或许有用,但机制还不明确,等待进一步研究。PQQ可能的益处:改善短期记忆力、抗氧化、改善皮肤病和脂质代谢等出处见下VI.III. Human studiesA placebo-controlled, double-blinded study using the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) was conducted with the participation of 65 Japanese subjects between 50 and 70 years old who presented with self-identified forgetfulness or forgetfulness identified by a family member, colleague, or acquaintance.87,) RBANS is a neuropsychological battery developed by Randolph in the United States.88) The neuropsychological battery questions allow repeated and quick evaluation of higher brain function disorders with a variety of brain disease complications. The content of the RBANS consists of five subtests of neurocognitive test paradigms [immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention, and delayed memory]. Although the PQQ Na2 (20 mg/day) and PQQ Na2 (20 mg/day) + Coenzyme Q10 (300 mg/day) groups showed significantly better total score over time, a similar improvement over time was seen in the placebo group. Differences in immediate memory scores at week eight were significantly better in the PQQ Na2 + Coenzyme Q10 group than in the placebo group. For analysis of immediate memory, subjects were stratified into two subgroups according to baseline total scores. Although no significant difference was present between groups in the high-scoring subgroup, the PQQ Na2 + Coenzyme Q10 group in the low-scoring subgroup showed a significantly better score at week 8 and week 16 than the placebo group. This finding shows that individuals with lower RBANS scores may achieve a better degree of improvement in response to PQQ Na2-supplementation than individuals with higher scores.The result of another human clinical study was reported very recently.89,) A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study to examine the effect of PQQ Na2 on cognitive functions was conducted with 41 elderly healthy subjects. Subjects were administered orally 20 mg of PQQ Na2/day or placebo for 12 weeks. For cognitive functions, selective attention by the Stroop and reverse Stroop test90,) and visual-spatial cognitive function by the laptop tablet Touch M91) were evaluated. In the Stroop test, the change of Stroop interference ratios for the PQQ Na2 group was significantly smaller than for the placebo group. In the Touch M test, the stratification analyses dividing each group into two groups showed that the score significantly increased only in the lower group of the PQQ Na2 group (initial score < 70).Relating to cognitive functions, PQQ Na2 shows effects on stress, fatigue, and sleep. Seventeen adult and female subjects participated in a clinical trial using an open-label trial to evaluate the effectiveness of PQQ Na2 on stress, fatigue, quality of life, and sleep.92) The participants ingested 20 mg of PQQ Na2 daily for eight weeks. The results in the Profile of Mood States–Short Form showed that all six measures of vigor, fatigue, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, and confusion significantly improved following PQQ Na2 supplementation compared with scores for those measures before supplementation of PQQ Na2. The results of the Oguri–Shirakawa–Azumi Sleep Inventory (Middle-aged and Aged version) showed significant improvement in drowsiness at awaking, sleep onset and maintenance, and sleep duration. For validation, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Japanese version also showed significant improvement in sleep-related behavior. Furthermore, the changes in these global scores were correlated with changes in the cortisol awakening response, i.e., the effects of PQQ Na2 on improvement of sleep quality are supported by a biomarker.Recently, two papers were published regarding the effect of PQQ Na2 on health benefit in humans.93,94) PQQ Na2 is helpful for the improvement of skin conditions and lipid metabolism. PQQ Na2 may be useful not only for the improvement of brain functions but also for various health benefits. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of PQQ Na2 should be elucidated further.非专业人士,可能理解不对。^https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1062715}

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