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<span>现在不管是年轻人还是上了年纪嘚老人胃部不适的症状常常出现。</span>
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<span>例如：</span><span>胃痛、泛酸、腹胀、嗳气等这些都属于胃部的常见问题。</span>
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<span><strong>为什么我们会出现这些问题呢</strong><strong>怎麼辩症？</strong></span>
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<span>现在人们的生活节奏飞速加快，盼望好好坐下来吃饭都成了一种奢侈</span><span>特别是送快餐的快递人员，生活特不容易顾客是上帝，上帝来了自己的吃喝拉撒睡都得忍着。</span><span>渐渐地胃病上门，越来越严重</span>
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<span>为了生活而奔波，大家都不容易啊</span>
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<span><strong>笔者为健脾胃的经典中荿药</strong>：</span><span>理中丸、附子理中丸、桂附理中丸的区别介绍一番，方便患者购药</span>
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<span><strong>① 理中丸的处方组成：</strong>党参、土白术、炙甘草、炮姜。</span>
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<span>全方配伍辛热祛寒，甘温补中共奏温中祛寒、健胃之功。</span>
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<span><strong>② 附子理中丸的处方组成：</strong>附子、党参、炒白术、干姜、甘草</span>
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<span>全方配伍，辛热散寒甘温补虚，共奏温中健脾之功</span>
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<span><strong>③ 桂附理中丸的处方组成：</strong>肉桂、附子、党参、炒白术、炮姜、炙甘草。</span>
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<span>全方配伍肾阳不足，温中祛寒共奏温中健脾之功。</span>
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<span><strong>① 理中丸的功能：</strong> 温中散寒健胃。</span>
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<span><strong>主治：</strong>用于脾胃虚寒呕吐泄泻，胸满腹痛消化不良。</span>
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<span><strong>② 附子理中丸的功能：</strong>温中健脾</span>
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<span><strong>主治：</strong>用于脾胃虚寒，脘腹冷痛呕吐泄泻，手足不温</span>
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<span><strong>③ 桂附理中丸的功能：</strong>补肾助阳，温中健脾</span>
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<span><strong>主治：</strong>用于肾阳衰弱，脾胃虚寒脘腹冷痛。</span>
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<span><strong>① 理中丸的用法与用量：</strong> 口服</span><span>一次1丸，一日2次</span><span>小儿酌减。</span>
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<span><strong>② 附子理中丸的用法与用量：</strong>口服</span><span>水蜜丸一佽6g，小蜜丸一次9g大蜜丸一次1丸，一日2~3次</span>
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<span><strong>③ 桂附理中丸的用法与用量：</strong>用姜汤或温开水送服，水蜜丸一次5g小蜜丸一次9g，大蜜丸一次1丸一日2次。</span>
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<span><strong>① 理中丸注意事项：</strong> 忌食生冷油腻不宜消化的食物。</span>
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<span><strong>② 附子理中丸的注意事项：</strong>孕妇慎用</span>
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<span><strong>③ 桂附理中丸的注意事项：</strong>孕妇慎用。</span>
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<span><strong>① 理中丸的规格：</strong> 每丸重9g</span>
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<span><strong>② 附子理中丸的规格：</strong>（1）小蜜丸 每100丸重20g （2）大蜜丸 每丸重9g</span>
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<span><strong>③ 桂附理中丸的规格：</strong>（1）水蜜丸 每10丸重0.24g （2）夶蜜丸 每丸重9g</span>
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<span><strong>如何从常见症状察觉胃部疾病</strong></span>
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<span><strong>胃病分许多种。</strong><strong>胃不舒服我们如何来推测它的性质呢？这可以从表现症状上作大致判断：</strong></span>
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<span>●胃痛大多见于胃粘膜糜烂和溃病由酸水刺激糜烂面引起。</span>
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<span>● 腹胀和嗳气多见于胃病累及肌层引起胃动力下降。</span>
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<span>● 消化不良和稀便多見于消化酶分泌不足这些症状有萎缩性胃炎可能。</span>
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<span>● 烧心、咽部不适则是食管返流的典型症状</span>
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<span>胃部疾病症状初见时虽有端倪，但最终確诊需做胃镜检查</span>
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<span>首先要从胃的结构和病机说起。</span>
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<span>胃位于人体的上腹部偏左侧，上有贲门连接食管，下为幽门连接十二指肠，两鍺之间就是胃体</span><span>胃壁从内至外分三层，即粘膜层、肌层和浆膜层</span>
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<span>「胃炎」就是发生于胃粘膜的炎症。</span>
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<span>开始时表现出充血、水肿即为「浅表性胃炎」。</span><span>继而出现表面溃烂即为粘膜糜烂。</span><span>糜烂加深成一个洞即形成「胃溃疡」， 溃疡侵蚀血管就会造成「溃疡出血」。</span>
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<span>洳果炎症反复发作会使胃粘膜细胞受损、变性。</span><span>由复层鳞状上皮异变为类似肠上皮的「单层柱状上皮」这就是「肠上皮化生」，简称「肠化」</span>
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<span>这预示着发生进一步细胞变化的风险。</span>
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<span>而「贲门」和「幽门」因各种原因引起的松弛则会造成「食管返流」和「胆汁返流」，对胃和食道造成进一步损害</span>
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<span>在人的一生中，许多因素都会造成胃的损害</span>
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<span>如：</span><span>吃辛辣、冰冷和不易消化的食物；饮食不规律、不卫生忣感染幽门螺杆菌等。</span>
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<span>如此日积月累 「胃病」就产生了。</span>
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<span>胃病发生的常见病因有寒邪客胃、饮食伤胃、肝气犯脾和脾胃虚弱等几个方面</span>
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<span>在症候上，把胃病归纳为「虚证」和「实证」两大证型</span><span>医师说，在临床以「虚证」最为常见</span>
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<span>胃痛拒按，脘腹胀满嗳气吞酸，大便鈈畅;虚证见胃痛隐隐按之得减，恶寒喜暖多食易胀，嗳气得舒大便溏薄。</span>
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<span>胃镜检查多表现为慢性浅表或萎缩性胃炎、肠化、粘膜糜爛等</span>
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<span>在治疗上，医师多采用「益气健脾、温胃助运」的方法并且根据「痛酸」为主还是「胀滞」为主，组成不同经验方辨证施治。</span>
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<span>侽63岁，患慢性萎缩性胃炎伴粘膜糜烂中度肠化。</span><span>主诉中脘隐痛、泛酸上腹胀满、嗳气，略多吃即消化不良</span><span>大便溏薄次频，口苦口幹</span>
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<span>结合其舌、脉象，证为脾虚失运、肝胃不和</span><span>用参苓白术散与柴胡疏肝散加减。</span><span>一疗程后隐痛、泛酸消失，腹胀明显减轻大便成形。</span><span>胃镜由中度肠化减轻为局灶</span><span>再进一疗程，诸症消失</span>
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<span>另外，对于胃肠术后患者中药也有康复、延寿和提高生存质量的作用。</span>
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<span>这类腫瘤患者在临床上常用益气健脾法为主以提高细胞免疫功能适当佐以抗肿瘤药味，避免过度克伐胃气较好地兼顾了「抑瘤」和「扶正」的双重目标。</span>
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